Thermoplastic tube forming apparatus



Nov. 28, 1950 5. J. EVERETT THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 13, 1948 \S/VNUEL 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 III], 4

"L III i [Ill S. J. EVERETT Inventor 617M054 J/WVL-S EI f/PEW,

mm B Attorney THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS Nov. 28, 1950 Filed Feb. 15, 1948 Nov. 28, 1950 5. J. EVERETT 2,532,091

THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 13, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 lllllllll l H HIIIII I f -f l4 Inventor WW" I Tsar/0E1. .1/7/165 y EVE/7577} M R An Nov. 28, 1950 s. J. EVERETT 2,532,091

THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 13, 1948 5 SheetSPSh eeh 4 1 9O g4 i Q i 65 Q A tlorney Nov. 28, 1950 s. J. EVERETT THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 13, 1948 Inventor 5/7/7051. Jfl/VES EVE/PE 77 7 the two chucks.

Patented Nov. 28, 1950 THERMOPLASTIC TUBE FORMING APPARATUS Samuel James Everett, Thornton Heath, England Application February 13. 1948, Serial No. 8,023 In Great Britain February 18, 1947 13 Claims.

This invention rel-ates to the manufacture of tubes of glass and other thermoplastic materials by a process of stretching tubular material in=-the softened condition over an accurately formed. mandrel. By that process, tubes can be formed with surfaces which are absolutely true and smooth and with a fine quality finish which can be'obtained by grinding and lapping or polishing the'surface.

A method of manufacturing tubes by the said process is described in Patent No. 2,393,979, dated February 5, 1946, in which commercial glass cane is passed over a stationary or rotating mandrel which is located in a heating zone and which might be slightly tapered in the direction of movement of the tube to enable the latter to be moreeasily drawn oif the-mandrel.

The tube is gripped by slid-able chucks at the inlet and outlet ends so that the bore of the finished tube is controlled by the shape and size'of the mandrel and the weight per foot of the finished tube is controlled by the relative speed of In order to cause the tube to conform accurately to the outside of the mandrel, air can be evacuated from the tube so that the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere is exerted on the outside of the tube.

In patent application Serial No. 735,345, filed March 18, 1947, a development is described in whicha definitely tapered mandrel is-used to enable various sizes of finished tubes to be produced from large size glass cane, and'the mandrel may have two parallel portions connected by an inter mediate tapered portion. Also, a further development set forth in said patent application consists in using a mandrel in which the parallel portions are of different shapes in cross-section sothat for example, a tube of angular section or of'oval section can be drawn from standard circular glass cane. Furthermore, the mandrel can be rapidly reciprocated instead of, or in addition to, being rotated since in producing a non-circular tube, the mandrel cannot be rotated, and moreover, the reciprocating movement assists in eliminating imperfections and lines in the finished tube and in improving the accuracy of the bore.

Up to the present, therefore, the method has sufiered from the disadvantage of producing a certain length of scrap at either end of each length ofglass owing to the necessity of gripping a portion at each end which is not treated in the process. So far this has been inherent in the process partly because ofthe necessity of gripping-the tube-as mentioned and partly because of 2 the desirability of creating a partial vacuum within the tube and also partly from the difiicult'y of threading the individual glass canes on to the mandrel rod which is an extension of the-man'- drel proper and through which the rotating or reciprocating movement of the mandrel is conveyed.

The main object of the present invention is to render the process continuous, that is to say, to enable the process to be carried out Without stopping at all or for only very short periods from time to time, and on the other hand, to enable the lengths of raw tube to be fed in, and'suc cessive lengths'to be fused end to end and thereby incidentally effectively utilising the whole of the rawtube of glass or other material.

The invention is especially'concerned with the rearwardly extending mandrel rod and its operating mechanism with the purpose of enablin g'a series of lengths of raw tubin to be fed in and connected without stopping the process for appreciable lengths'of time; to that end, according to the invention, the mandrel is provided with a form of easily detachable couplin at its rear'end and also one or more rearwardly extending'ma-n' drel operating rods is provided to the rear of that coupling arranged to be readily connected to and disconnected-from the mandrel by means of that coupling. Conveniently two such mandrel operating rods may be utilised preferably set parallel to one another and mounted on a support arranged to be rocked about a pivoted axis well to the rear of the heating zone or furnace so that after uncoupling one of the mandrel rods, the other can be rocked into registration with the rear end of the mandrel proper after a length of raw tube has been threaded on to it and then quickly coupled up to the mandrel.

While one of the operating rod is in operation, the forward end of the other is made free by withdrawing downwardly from it a supporting bracket whereupon a length of raw glass or other tube can be threaded over it from the frontand the supporting bracket restored in readiness for coupling up for bringin that length of tube into operation. At the proper time, the mandrel rod in operation is disconnected and the one bearing the fresh length of tubing is swung into registration and coupled up and the fresh length of tube at its forward end is fused to the rear end of the tube previously used by a movable electric furnace or cross blow pipe. If desired, a hose connection may be provided for supplying compressed air to the inside of the tube'through' a hand-controlled valve while the fused joint istil-l 3 heated to ensure that the tubes are of the correct size at the joint.

Sliding chucks as referred to above obviously cannot be used for such continuous operation but instead continuous feeding means are employed which feed the raw tubes and the finished tubes continuously; for this purpose, feed rollers resiliently gripping the tubes may be employed. Thus three such rollers may be provided at the inlet end and three at the outlet end spaced around the tube 120 degrees apart. As an alternative, at each point the feeding device may consist of two or more endless bands pressed into engagement with the tubes and continuously driven. Generally, the feed at the outlet end has to be at a higher rate than at the inlet end and the relative speed of the feed needs to be adjustable to enable the weight per foot of the finished tube to be adjusted. This can be arranged by driving one feed device at constant speedand the other through an infinitely variable gearing or both may be driven through such a gearing.

The mandrel operating rods are tubular and each is provided with a flexible hose connection to a vacuum pump at or near its rear end so that air can be drawn from the glass tubes through a port in the mandrel to the rear of the furnace and through the mandrel which is also tubular. The vacuum pump is connected to the two flexible hose connections through a slide valve which is operated by the pivotally-mounted support so that the pump is at any time in connection with the bore of the mandrel rod in operation while the other mandrel rod is cut off from the pump. {The mandrel rods may have twin bores serving as Vacuum connection and feed for lubricant to the mandrel respectively but it is found that successful results are obtained by applying lubricant to the operative surface of the mandrel from time to time without any lubricant feed pipe.

The mandrel rod in operation may be continuously rotated or axially reciprocated or both. Conveniently, each mandrel rod has a spur wheel fixed to it near its rear end and a spur pinion on a driving shaft below the mandrel rod is arranged to drive the mandrel rod in operation at any time. When a mandrel rod is brought into the operating position by rocking its support, its spur wheel is brought into mesh with the driving pinion and the spur wheel of the other mandrel rod moved out of mesh with the driving pinion. A second spur wheel is carried on each mandrel rod slightly to the rear of the spur wheel mentioned above but is free to turn on the mandrel rod and is constrained from axial movement on 'therod. Ihe two pairs of spur wheels are of the same size so that by sliding the driving shaft and the driving pinion somewhat to the rear, the driving pinion is brought into mesh with the loose spur wheel on the mandrel rod in operation which it rotates without rotating the mandrel rod. Each of the loose spur wheels is formed with an integral cylindrical end cam extending backwards from the spur wheel. The rear cam face of each cylindrical cam coacts with a cam face-formed on the front end of a cylindrical cam splined to slide on the respective mandrel rod and held up to the cooperating cam by a coiled compression spring encircling the mandrel rod and hearing at its rear end against a stationary abutment on the machine frame. Each of the four spur wheels can be held against rotation by a manually operated sprag which can be caused to engage the teeth of the spur wheel in question.

Thus there are three conditions any one of which may be selected. First, if the driving pinion is engaged with the front fast spur wheel on the mandrel rod in operation and the rear loose spur wheel on that rod is locked by means of its sprag, the mandrel rod is continuously rotated and is also continuously reciprocated by interaction of its two cylindrical cams of which that integral with the loose spur wheel is held against rotation. Secondly, if the driving pinion is engaged with the rear loose spur wheel and the front fast spur wheel is locked against rotation by means of its sprag, the rod is prevented from rotation and is reciprocated only. Thirdly, if both sprags are withdrawn, the cams are rendered ineffective and if the front spur wheel is engaged with the driving pinion the mandrel rod is continuously rotated but is not reciprocated.

Instead of providing a separate cam for each rod, the two rods may be connected by a transverse bar and a single cam may reciprocate both of them.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, a machine in accordance therewith will now be more fully described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the completemachine;

Figure 2 is a side elevation to an enlarged scale with certain parts broken away, of the glass tube and mandrel in the furnace; .1

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the rear partof the machine, seen from the opposite side to Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an elevation in transverse section on the line IV-IV in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a similar view in section on the line VV in Figure 3;

Figure 6 is yet a further similar view in section on the line VI-VI in Figure 3;

Figure '7 is a transverse section to an enlarged scale on the line VIIVII in Figure 1, and

Figure 8 is a detailed perspective view showing the support and coupling arrangements for the mandrel operating rods.

Referring first to Figure 1, the framework of the machine comprises a front bed I of I section supported on box frames 2 and a column 3 while there is a rear braced frame 4. The bed I supports a small furnace 5 which provides the heating zone for the glass tubing 6. The latter is car ried on spring-supported rollers l and encircles the mandrel 8. The mandrel is a tubular rod of refractory metal to which are secured spaced carbon rods 9 which fit the glass tube 6 and thus serve to centralize the mandrel proper 8. The glass tube 6 is drawn through the furnace 5 and over the mandrel 8 by a front feeding device It and rear feeding device H. The two devices are similar except that the feed rollers l2 of the device ill have their rims closer together than those of the device I! because the former grip the reduced tube 6A while the latter grip the tube 5 before it is reduced. The feeding device I I is seen in detail in Figure '7 from which it will be ob-; served that there are three feed rollers I2 with their central planes uniformly spaced at degrees around the glass tube 6 which is gripped by the rims of the rollers. The rollers 12 are rotated at equal speeds to advance the tube 6 into the furnace 5 by means of gearing each consisting of a worm wheel l3 on the spindle M of the respec tive roller 1 2 driven by a worm IS. on the spindle mas er l Foieach wornr l5- issecured achain sprocket; I115. The sprockets I'Ti are equal and'are all driven by the same roller chain 13, itself'driyen from a sprocket l9 (Figure 1). In order to draw down the-softened tube 5: to the mandrel" 6, thefeed d'ev-ice: It is driven at agreat'er speed'than the device H. The drive for both is derived from an electric motor- ZE-connected by a belt-2 I to an expansible pulley infinitely variable gearing 22, the flanges ofthepulley being moved together or" apart by a lever 23. Th gearing'fiz is connected by a belt 24 to a to 1 reductiongearing 25 which, in turn is connected by a shaft 25 to a further 15 to 1' reduction gearing 21-". The latter is connectedby pulleys 28', 29- and' a beltfit to-a transverse shaft which drives a longitudinal shaft 31 through bevelgearing 32. The shaft 31 is connected by a chain 33 to the shaft to-which the sprocket I5 is secured. Thusthe feed rollers I 2 of the feed device H! are driven at slow speed which may be adjusted by the lever 23.

A belt 35 connects the reduction gearing 25 to a second expansible pulley infinitely variable gearing 35 whose pulley is adjusted by'the-hand lever-'31. This gearing is connected by abelt' 38 to a 15 to l'reduction gearingts connected. in turn by a shaft into another 15 to 1 reduction gearingc l. The drive is thencarried through a belt'AZ to a pulley' ifi andthence through bevel gearing M! to a longitudinal shaft 45 connected by a chain 46 to the shaft 41 'carrying'theother'chain sprocket l9. Thusthefeed' rollers 52 of the feed device I l are driven at'a considerably lower speed than those of the'device iii: their speed can be adfiius-ed with that of. thedevice H! by the gear ing-22 and independently by the; variable gearing- 2'16.

The nose 8A of the mandrel 8 is taperedas set forth in said patent application Serial'No. 7351345 so that a large tube 5 can be drawn down to. a fine. bore and to prevent sticking, the mandrel may be coated thinly with graphite. or other lubricant before beginning to work. The inside of. the

tube 6 is eva uated for which purpose. the man- A d'rel'a is tubular and is formed witha port 48 in its, wall as seen in Figure-2. The suction is thus applied through the mandrel 8. and through thesupport 5'! for the mandrel rods. which will be described more fully below. The. rocking support 5] is. a sector-shaped plate fixed to a pivot spindle 85 which is journalled in bearings 85A in the back and front plates 64., 64A of the braced frame 4., In Figures 3. and 4, the mandrel. rod @A is shownin the operating position and the rod 59B: out of operation. The connection 553A from the rod 49A is in communication through the bore 533A with a port 58, in the valve casing 55. and thence to a flexible hose connector E-Sleadingto the vacuum pump. (Figure 1). Thepum-p fill-is;

driven by an electric motor 5| through a belt 62. In the position described, the connection MB: is out 01f from the pump 55 but if the support H is swung counterclockwise as seen in Figure 4' to the. position shown in dotted linesto bring the.

6', mandrel 1 rod; IiBBIinto operation, the; valve-body 56 is. also. moved over to. connect the hose 5013 to the. pump. 68 andtoccut off the connectionto the hose 50A.

The mandrel operating rods QSA, 49B are-an rangeds01 thatthey can be continuously rotated, or'continuously' reciprocated in the direction of their axes or they can receive both forms of motion simultaneously. They are rotatably mounted bushes. 63 in the. rocking support plate El. Each-"rod 49A, 4933 has. a spur Wheel 65A, 65B slidablyspl-inedto it and each has a rear spur wheel 56A, 66B loosely mounted on it butxpreivented from axial-movement to the right in Fig"- ureS by aspacing collar 533A, 613B between it and.

theother spur wheel 65A, 653. Each loose spur wheel MA. fifiB'has azcylindri'cal cam 68 secured to i't; Eachcam has an inclined end face 69 00- operating with a corresponding end face of a further cam 10 having a screw H which causes it t'orotatewith the mandrel rod 58A, 1913 but permit's'thecam lfl to be pressed against the cam fi'iibyacoiled compression spring l2 which at its rear end-bears against a fixed plate 13'.

The drive for the mandrel rods 49A, 49B is provided by theelectricmotor-El. a belt M conmeeting the pulley of the pump 59 to al5 to' 1 reduction gearing 15 (Figure 1); The output. spindle'lfi ofthe'gea-ring 15- bears a 'chain' sprocket fi connected by a chain late a sprocket 19- on alongitudinal horizontal shaft 813. A driving pinion M is slidably splined to the shaft '8!)- and can be shifted axially along the shaft-by a fork- 82' operated by a handle 83 (Fig. 1) on a sliding rod 84 so as to bring the pinion 8| into position to engage one of the spur 'wheels t'5A, 65B orone' ofthe wheels 65A, 651%. In Figures 3 and i, the

pinion 3! is shown in engagement with the spur wheelfi'EA butbyswinging the'supp'ortfilcounterclockwise about its pivot 85 into the position shown in broken lines in Figure 4, thespur wheel 6531s: brouehtinto driving connection with the pinion'il L. By' sliding the pinion 8! to the left in- Figure 3,.iti can similarly be made to engage with the spur wheel SEA or 66B. Two rearwardly extending bars 86A, 85B are fixedto the support plate ii-and a: sprag- 81A, 81B is slidable on the bar 536A. 85Band' can be secured by a set-screw 88 in position to engage the spur wheel 65A, 56A or 65B, 56B and thereby lock the same against rotation.

This. mechanism makes it possible for the mandrel rod 49A,. 4913 which is in operation to be continuously rotated, continuously reciprocated axially or both. Thus, if the front spur wheel 65A,. 65B is in engagement with the pinion 8|, the corresponding mandrel rod MA, MB is continuously rotated and if the rear loose spur wheel 65B is held by the sprag STA, 3133, the cam iii is recinrocated. and reciprocates the mandrel rod. If, however; the rear loose spur; wheel is to: a further plate 9.5 which is also fixed to the pivotspindle and is; thus; also: turned'about the pivot when bringing one of the mandrel rods 459A, 4933 into operation and. moving the other out of the. operating'position. The plate 90 carries a pair of radial sliding brackets 91A, 9 IB. They slide in guides 92 secured to the plate 90, the amount of movement being limited by stop shoulders 93. The brackets are actuated by hand levers 94A, 94B pivoted at 95, 9t and provided with tension springs 91 which move over-centre and thus act to hold the brackets in the outer and inner positions. The brackets support the forward ends of the mandrel rods 49A, 49B and when a bracket is moved out and the plate 90 rocked over, one of the mandrel rods is brought into alignment with the mandrel 8 as shown for the rod 99A in Figures 3 and 5. If the bracket SIB is moved inwards, the forward end of the rod 99B is left free and a fresh length of glass tube 9 can he slipped over the rod from the front in readiness for the next change-over.

The abutting ends of the mandrel 8 and the rod 49A, 99B are fitted with quick detachable bayonet unions 98 as best seen in Figures 3 and 8. These afford a driving coupling for transmitting rotation and reciprocation from the mandrel rod 49A, 593 to the mandrel and also a tight union for the vacuum passage to the mandrel.

During the change-over period illustrated in a Figure 8, it is desirable to support the rear end of the mandrel proper 8. For this purpose, a pair of pivoted jaws 99 is-provided shown in detail in Figure 6. They are pivoted on a bracket plate H39 secured by screws to the bed member I, the pivot being indicated at l9l. A hand lever I92 is provided to operate the jaws and turns about a pivot screw [93. The lever N32 has a central expanded part Hi4 formed with two curved cam slots I95 so that the jaws 99 are opened or closed as the lever I92 is turned. An over-centre tension spring I96 is attached to the lever I92 at l 9'! and at its other end at N38 is anchored to the bracket !99 and thus tends to hold the lever H12 in the open or closed position. The jaws 99 are closed to hold the mandrel during the changeover but when the rod 99A, 49B bearing the fresh length of glass tube 6 is coupled up at 98, the jaws 99 are opened to allow the glass tube 6 to be moved forwardly over the mandrel 3 to be fused on to the end of the previous length of glass tube. This fusing operation may be effected by a gas heater shown diagrammatically at I99 in Figure 1.

The method of using the machine is as follows: Standard lengths of glass cane are employed, lengths of suitable size are selected and checked to ensure that they conform to the'permitted limits of weight per foot length and the ends are carefully squared oiT. With the coupling 98 disconnected and the jaws 99 open, a length of cane is passed forwardly over the mandrel 8, through the rear feeding device H and furnace 5 into the front feeding device 19. One of the mandrel operating rods 99A, 99B is coupled up to the mandrel 8 at 99 and the process started with the motors 29 and Si running so that the glass tube is under vacuum. The driving gearing at the rear end of the mandrel rod is set to provide for continuous rotation, reciprocation or both as desired. The mandrel rod notin use, say the rod 993, has its supporting bracket 9lB moved inwardly so as to leave the forward end of that rod free. Another length of glass cane is then threaded over the rod 49B from the front end in readiness. When the rear end of the length of glass cane being operated upon reaches a predetermined point, for instance, at the gas 98, its supporting bracket 91A moved'out into engagement and the bracket SIB of the reserve mandrel rod 99B moved out to support the latter; the frame comprising the supporting plates 51 and 99 is rocked over to bring the rod 49B into alignment with the mandrel 8 and is coupled to it. Then with the jaws 99 open, the fresh length of glass cane 9 is moved forwardly over the mandrel and fused on to the previous length by the heater 109. The process then proceeds while still another length of glass cane can be threaded on to the mandrel rod 99A which is now in reserve and that length is in readiness to be fused on to the preceding length in due course.

Naturally with the machine as described, there is a short period when one mandrel rod is uncoupled and the other rod coupled up, during which the mandrel 8 is not driven and the process is stopped. It is found, however, that a skilled operator can make the change-over in about three seconds and the loss of time is negligible and does not lead to any trouble in the process.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for forming tubes of thermoplastic material with bores of accurate dimensions-and fine quality finish comprising in combination, a supporting frame, a furnace for heating a length of thermoplastic tubing carried on said frame, means for feeding said tubing into said furnace and supported on said frame, means for drawing said tubing from said furnace and supported on said framameans for driving said feeding and drawing means, variable speed gearing for regulating the relative speeds of said feeding and drawing means, a mandrel extending into said furnace, a mandrel rod extending rearwardly from said mandrel, a readily detachable coupling engaging said mandrel and said rod for providing a driving connection therebetween, an actuating member in operative connection with said mandrel rod to maintainsaid rod and said mandrel in continuous motion a rod support to the rear of said mandrel and means providing for transverse movement of said rod support relative to said mandrel.

,2. An apparatus. for forming tubes of thermoplastic material with bores of accurate dimensions and fine quality finish comprising in combination, a supporting frame, a furnace for heat:

ing a length of thermoplastic tubing carried on said frame, means for feeding said tubing into. said furnace and supported on said frame, means for drawing said tubing from said furnace and supported on said frame, means for driving said feeding and drawing means, variable speed gearing for regulating the relative speeds of said feeding and drawing means, a mandrel extending into said furnace, a plurality of mandrel operating rods, readily detachable connections for connecting each rod to said mandrel to provide a driving connection therebetween, rod driving means for imparting continuous rod motion, a rod support to the rear of said mandrel, and means providing for transverse movement of said rod support relative to said mandrel so as to bring said rods selectively into operating posi tion in alignment with said mandrel.

support being capable of rocking movement relative to said mandrel, said mandrel operating rods being two in number and positioned, parallel to each other.

4. An apparatus according to claim 2, extendable and retractable rod supporting brackets carried by said support, said brackets being arranged to leave one end of a rod free for the reception of a fresh tube when the rod is not in operating position and the bracket carrying said rod is retracted, and to bring a rod into aiignment with the mandrel for coupling to the mandrel when in extended position, after which the brackets can be retracted to free the rod from the support.

5. An apparatus according to claim 1, in which said tube feeding means consists of a set of feed rolls for feeding a tube under treatment into the furnace and a separate similar set of rolis for withdrawing the tube from the furnace, whereby continuous feeding may be accomplished, and drive means for said feed rolls including variable speed gearing means for determining the speed of operation of both sets of rolls, and another variable speed gearing means for one set of rolls to permit independent adjustment of the speed of said one set.

6. An apparatus according to claim 2, actuating mechanism carried by said rods near their rear ends, and means control ing operation of said mechanism in accordance with the position of said rod support to cause actuation of said rods when they are in operating position.

7. An apparatus according to claim a driving pinion, and a gear wheel on each rod positioned to engage said driving pinion when the rod is in operating position, and to be moved out of engagement with said pinion when the rod is moved out of operating position.

8. An apparatus according to claim 2, said rods each having cam means near their rear ends rotatable with the rods to impart continuous axial reciprocation to the respective associated rod when in operating position.

9. An apparatus according to claim 2, each rod having a first gear wheel rotatable therewith and a second gear wheel rotatable relative thereto, a cam fixed to the rod, a second cam cooperating therewith and secured to said second gear wheel, a driving piston shiitable to engage either of said gear wheels of whichever rod is in operating position, and means for selectively locking each of said gear wheels against rotation, whereby the rod in operation may be caused to rotate continuously by engaging said pinion and said first gear wheel, to reciprocate and rotate continuously by engaging said pinion with said second gear, or to reciprocate without rotation by engaging the pinion with said second gear Wheel and locking said first gear wheel against rotation.

10. An apparatus according to claim 1, a pair of jaws for supporting the rear part of said mandrel, and means for opening said jaws to permit the passage of a fresh length of tubing.

11. An apparatus for forming tubes of thermoplastic material with bores of accurate dimensions and fine quality finish comprising in combination, a supporting frame, a furnace for heating a length of thermoplastic tubing carried on said frame, means for feeding said tubing into said furnace and supported on said frame, means for drawing said tubing from said furnace and supported on said frame, means for driving said feeding and drawing means, variable speed gearin for regulating the relative speeds of said feeding and drawing means, a tubular mandrel extending into said furnace, a tubular mandrel rod extending rearwardly from said madrei, a readily detachable coupling engaging said mandrel and said rod for providing a driving con nection therebetween, and a joint between the bores thereof, an actuating member in operative connection with said mandrel rod to maintain said rod and said mandrel in continuous motion and a vacuum connection to the bore of said tubular mandrel operating rod.

12. An apparatus according to claim 2, said mandrel and said mandrel rods being tubular, a vacuum pump, means for connecting said vacuum pump to said rods, and a valve controlled by movement of said rod support for disconnecting from said pump all rods except the one in operating position.

13. An apparatus according to claim 11, a readily detachable gear wheel mountable on the rear end of said mandrel so as to rotate with the mandrel and to provide means for rotating the mandrel when no mandrel rod is coupled to the mandrel, said gear wheel being removable laterally from the mandrel to permit a fresh length of tube to be introduced onto the mandrel, and a vacuum connection readily connectable to the rear end of the mandrel to maintain reduced pressure in said tube under treatment when no operating rod is connected to said mandrel.

SAMUEL JAMES EVERETT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,301,714 Kueppers Apr. 22, 1919 2,393,979 Everett Feb. 5, 1946 2,396,254 Everett Mar. 12, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 339,503 Germany July 26, 1921 547,880 Great Britain Feb. 8, 1941 

